Which of the following is a sign and symptom of left heart failure?

The correct choice highlights key signs and symptoms associated with left heart failure, specifically shortness of breath and frothy sputum. In left heart failure, the left ventricle is unable to effectively pump blood to the systemic circulation, which leads to a backlog of blood in the lungs. This congestion can result in pulmonary edema, where fluid accumulates in the lung tissues and alveoli, causing difficulty breathing and often resulting in a characteristic cough. The appearance of frothy sputum indicates the presence of fluid mixed with air that comes from the lungs, which occurs when pulmonary edema becomes pronounced.

Understanding these symptoms is vital for recognizing the clinical manifestations of left heart failure, as they directly relate to the condition's impact on respiratory function and fluid balance within the body.