Which conditions are included under the definition of COPD?

The definition of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) specifically includes conditions that cause airflow obstruction and breathing difficulties, primarily leading to progressive respiratory symptoms. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are the two main types of COPD recognized by health organizations.

Emphysema involves damage to the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs, leading to a decrease in surface area for gas exchange, which causes breathlessness. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, along with increased mucus production, leading to cough and difficulty in breathing.

While asthma is a respiratory condition, it is generally considered a separate entity due to its reversible airway obstruction and different underlying pathophysiology. Conditions such as pneumonia and lung cancer, while they can significantly impact respiratory function, do not meet the criteria for COPD as they are not typically classified as obstructive diseases due to their nature or the mechanism of action involved.

Thus, the inclusion of emphysema and chronic bronchitis under the COPD umbrella accurately reflects the conditions associated with this chronic lung disease.