Which condition is characterized by low phosphate levels?

Hypophosphatemia is characterized by low phosphate levels in the blood. Phosphorus is an essential mineral that plays a key role in several bodily functions, including bone health, energy production, and cellular repair. When phosphate levels drop below the normal range, it can lead to various symptoms and health issues, such as muscle weakness, bone pain, and respiratory problems, due to its vital role in cellular metabolism and energy storage.

In contrast, the other conditions listed involve elevated or altered levels of different minerals. Hyperphosphatemia refers to high phosphate levels, while hypocalcemia and hypokalemia involve low levels of calcium and potassium, respectively. Thus, hypophosphatemia specifically targets low phosphate levels and is the correct answer in this context.