What site is best for intramuscular injections in children under 3 years?

The vastus lateralis muscle is the preferred site for intramuscular injections in children under three years of age. This site is located on the outer thigh and is ideal for infants and toddlers because it is well-developed and can accommodate larger volumes of medication compared to other muscle groups. Additionally, using the vastus lateralis reduces the risk of injury to nerves and blood vessels, which is particularly important in younger patients whose muscle tissue may not be as robust as in older children or adults.

In infants and small children, the deltoid muscle may not be sufficiently developed to safely accommodate an intramuscular injection, making it a less desirable option. The ventrogluteal site, while a good choice in older children and adults, is also less accessible in this age group due to the smaller size and differing anatomy. The dorsogluteal site is typically avoided in young children because it carries a higher risk of damaging the sciatic nerve and has been associated with complications. Thus, the vastus lateralis remains the safest and most effective site for delivering intramuscular injections in children under three years old.