Canadian Practical Nurse Registration Examination (CPNRE) Practice Exam

The condition characterized by decreased potassium levels in the body is known as hypokalemia. It occurs when the serum potassium concentration drops below the normal range, which is typically around 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. Potassium plays a crucial role in various physiological functions, including maintaining proper muscle and nerve function, regulating heart rhythms, and balancing fluids in the body.

When potassium levels fall, it can lead to symptoms such as muscle weakness, cramping, fatigue, palpitations, and abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias). The causes of hypokalemia can include excessive losses from gastrointestinal tract (like diarrhea or vomiting), certain diuretic medications, or inadequate dietary intake of potassium-rich foods. Therefore, understanding hypokalemia is essential for nursing practice, as it directly impacts patient care and management.